Ndiaye, Noémie. "Race and transnational theater." Throughlines. www.throughlines.org/suite-content/race-and-transnational-theater. [Date accessed].

Early modern racial thinking was shaped not within a single nation but through the constant circulation of stories, performances, and ideas across Europe. From transnational plotlines linking French, Italian, Spanish, and English plays to the spread of racial impersonation techniques in music and theater, these cultural exchanges reveal how racial narratives took shape through a shared artistic ecosystem.
Further learning
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Biopolitics and citizenship in Euripides’ Ion
Who is and who is not a citizen, and how this is determined across national and racial lines, has a deeply rooted history. Dan-el Padilla Peralta takes on questions of citizenship, belonging, and national identity in ancient Mediterranean literature.





